1. Subject & Object: In IT, the subject is the user or process that requests access to a system’s resource(s). The Object is the resource being requested or being acted upon. E.g. When a user needs to view a MS Word Document or a log file. The subject here would be the User while the Object is the Word Document or the log file.
2. Hash: a value of fixed size or length that uniquely identifies data. The major purpose is to verify integrity. That is, checking if a file or data has been altered.
3. Hashing: performing an algorithm on a file or text to produce a hash or checksum.
4. Least privilege: Do not give a subject (i.e. user or process) more permission than necessary or that they require to carry out their jobs effectively. Remember with great power, comes great Responsibility!
5. Need-to-know: A subject has access only to information needed to carry out their job or specific task. Not more, not less!
6. Encryption: Can be used to protect confidentiality. It is simply converting a plain message to unreadable format so it is not readable or understood if intercepted by the unintended recipient. There are two types of Encryption; Asymmetric encryption and Symmetric Encryption.
7. Confidentiality: only authorised subjects have access to objects (information/data).
8. Integrity: property of a file or data remaining unchanged. That is data has not been modified by unauthorised subject. It can be verified by checking the hash.
9. Availability: A system and/or its resources are available when requested.
10. Steganography: The art of hiding messages. Usually used in images or audio files.
Test Quiz
- ______ is used to verify data integrity
- ______ describes hiding of messages inside a file
- Security concept of ______ ensures only authorised subjects have access to objects.
- ______ principle ensures you do not give a subject more permission than required to carry out tasks.
- ______ involves the conversion of plain text to unreadable format (Ciphertext) and can be used to protect confidentiality.
- Objects request access to subjects. True or False?
1. hash
2. steganography
3. confidentiality
4. Least privilege
5. Hashing
6. False
Good attempt but 5 is encryption.
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